Since the mid-20th century, one of the important topics that people have discussed is the arrival of the era of cross-cultural communication. At the same time, the new Japanese education for foreigners or children returning from Japan has also gone through more than half a century of history. In the context of the coexistence of diverse cultures, how does Japanese language education adapt to the needs of the times, in other words, what opportunities and challenges does Japanese language education face in the era of cross-cultural communication? real issues.
This article will take the current situation of Japanese education in China as the background to discuss Japanese education for the purpose of cross-cultural communication.
The arrival of the era of
cross- cultural communication refers to "communication between people with different cultural backgrounds". In the 21st century, people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more and more frequently. Economic globalization continues to intensify, so that an economic crisis in a certain country will quickly spread to the world, and turbulence in a certain field will also cause a worldwide chain reaction. At the same time, due to the development of media such as the Internet, people can instantly learn about many things happening in the world. Due to immigration, corporate activities, studying abroad, etc., ordinary people can meet people with different cultural backgrounds everywhere, and a multicultural society has gradually formed. People from different cultural backgrounds have to cross culturally different barriers, which means that monocultural values must be overcome. In such an era, cross-cultural communication has not only stayed at the level of government, politics, scholars, and economic communication, but has spread to the level of ordinary people in different countries.
Intercultural Communication
Intercultural communication as a discipline developed in the 1970s centered on the United States. After that, it quickly became popular in Europe and Asia, and in 1972, the first International Conference on Intercultural Communication was held in Japan. Since the 1980s, it has also become a hot topic in China, and relevant research results have emerged continuously. In China's research so far, the main concerns are the relationship between culture and intercultural communication, non-verbal behavior, comparative study of Chinese and Western cultures, comparison of Chinese and Western business ideas, national character, and the relationship between foreign language and English education. . On the basis of these previous studies, I would like to clarify several concepts related to cross-cultural communication.
1. Culture across cultures
Culture is defined in a broad sense to a narrow sense, and culture in cross-cultural communication should mainly refer to the cultural barriers formed in cross-cultural communication.
2.
Communication The definition of communication is also diverse. In a broad sense, it refers to the process of interaction between separate items accompanied by the movement of certain factors such as symbols. The function of communicative behavior is not limited to the transmission and acquisition of information, but also includes a wide range of content such as emotional communication that affects each other's behavior. Verbal behavior, non-verbal behavior, and cultural sharing are the main factors of communication.
3. Foreign language education and cross-cultural communication The fundamental purpose of
foreign language education is to enable learners to master the ability to communicate with people under the cultural background of the language target country. Through foreign language education can deepen the understanding of different cultures.
Japanese language education for the purpose of cross-cultural communication The purpose of
Japanese language education is to cultivate students' ability to conduct cross-cultural communication with Japanese people in the Japanese cultural background. In China, other Asian countries, Europe and the United States, and Japanese cultures, there are differences in culture, values, and modes of action to varying degrees. In order to achieve the purpose of communication between people and groups under the Japanese cultural background, it is necessary not only to have the ability to communicate in Japanese, but also to have the cross-cultural communication ability to overcome cultural barriers.
To master cross-cultural communication skills, learners must first have a positive awareness of cross-cultural communication. Let the learners transform the viewpoint that they are used to judging the good and evil of the target country's culture with their own country and their own national values and action patterns to the perspective of understanding different cultures. That is, we cannot regard those with the same culture as good and those with different cultures as evil. Therefore, students must understand Japanese culture, especially the values and behavior patterns that Japanese people who are different from China and other countries take "for granted", and also deepen their understanding of their own culture. Japanese education should enable students to master the ability to adapt to Japanese culture and the ability to communicate with people with Japanese cultural background.
At the same time, our education should strive to stimulate the willingness of learners to communicate. At present, there are more and more "house men" and "house women", and there is also a lack of direct communication between people in universities. Language education should focus more on consciously improving learners' willingness to communicate, thereby improving their ability to communicate in Japanese.
In order to transform Japanese education into education aiming at cross-cultural communication between China and Japan, changes must be made in many aspects such as training objectives, textbook compilation, educational content, teaching methods, and teachers themselves.
For example, in terms of educational content, more content that can improve communication skills should be included. The daily life of learners and college life should be integrated into the educational content as the content that college students pay more attention to. Cultivate the ability to speak, contact and communicate naturally with each other. It is necessary to study the Japanese "culture" of cross-cultural communication, such as the different values and behavior patterns between Japan and China. Of course, we should also discuss traditional Japanese culture such as Zen Buddhism, tea ceremony, Noh music, Bunraku, Japanese dance, folk songs, enka, rakugo, tanka, haiku, Japanese painting and other Japanese traditional culture, Japanese culture, traditional music, etc. that formed this culture. At the same time, it cultivates students' ability to reflect on their own culture in the process of comparison.
From the perspective of pedagogy, it is necessary to change the teacher-centered approach and form a student-centered mechanism. Actively introduce the educational methods of group cooperative learning and collaborative learning, and strive to encourage students to use IT technology and the network as much as possible to increase the time and space of learning.
In addition, when teaching Japanese for the purpose of intercultural communication, teachers should take into account both Japanese language education and Japanese studies. In teaching, students' subjectivity should be brought into play, the motivation of cross-cultural communication should be cultivated, and the relevant content of cross-cultural communication should be enriched. At the same time, teachers themselves must stand on the standpoint of cultural comparison, actively conduct Japanese studies, and strive to provide academic support for cross-cultural exchange education.
From cross-cultural exchange between China and Japan to cross-cultural exchange
Japanese language education should aim at cross-cultural exchange between China (Korea, America, Europe, etc.) and Japan. However, university foreign language education facing the 21st century should further cultivate students with general cross-cultural communication skills and awareness through education aimed at crossing the culture of a specific country, and cultivate talents who can adapt to the needs of the era of cross-cultural symbiosis and coexistence.
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