The poetry of Robert Frost is quite caring. The so-called care is that the subject embraces the object, and the human and the universe merge into one. In this way, people speak from the standpoint of the universe, and subjectivity seems to melt into the world of things. In this kind of care that is close to Zen enlightenment, the existence of the universe begins to be manifested through language, like all creatures in nature: rice-eaters, bumblebees, mountains, seas, etc. seem to embody the mysteries of the universe and the ubiquitous "Tao" ".
Motivation for the creation of natural themes
The vast majority of Frost's poems are about nature, which is inseparable from his life background and his childhood education. Robert Frost (1874-1963) was born into a family of teachers in San Francisco and spent his childhood in the American West. He liked to read and write poetry since he was a child, and showed his talent as a poet in middle school. Later, he dropped out of Harvard University for medical reasons and returned to live on the farm that his grandfather bought for him. In this "Derry Farm", which has farmland gardens and brooks and ponds, he writes poems while working. His wife, Eleanor White, is a wise, virtuous and poetic woman. She also writes poetry herself, but for Frost's development, she gave up her hobbies and devoted herself to raising her husband and children at home. While Rost was creating, she read to the children or made clothes for them by flying needles. She had a sneak peek at every poem Frost wrote. During the day, Frost worked on the farm, sometimes cleaning the springs in the pasture, raking leaves floating on the water, waiting to see the spring water clear, sometimes tending the cattle and sheep in the pasture, and often taking their children after meals We go for a walk, watch the sun go down, listen to the birds sleeping, smell the fragrance of the grass. The Derry Farm where Frost lives can be said to be the starting point of his creative career, and a "blessed place" to successfully start his creative career, draw inspiration and collect materials. Every plant, tree and person on the farm provided him with a model to copy. His poetry is full of life and vivid, and the language is easy to understand but has far-reaching meaning. He believed that poetry should "begin with joy and end with wisdom". Although much influenced by American writers Emerson and Thoreau and poet Dickinson, his living environment is the main factor that determines his poetic style. With metaphors and symbols, he has opened up a new world of poetry in the non-human nature. The trees, flowers, poultry, and beasts are full of emotion and spirituality, and the strangeness and mystery of all things in nature are vividly depicted by him. The nature in his poetry is not only full of humanity but also full of divinity. He took nature as a metaphor to explain the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between man and man, which led to philosophical thinking about life.
singer of nature
From the perspective of ecological literature, one of the greatest contributions of Frost's poetry is to explore and express the relationship between nature and human beings from the perspective of the positive impact of nature on human beings. He is well-deserved as a singer of nature. In his eyes, nature is everywhere, from the morning sun to the evening sunset, from the stars and moon in the sky to the mountains and lakes on the ground, from the four seasons of wind, frost, snow and rain, to the flowers, trees, birds and insects in the forest, and even the dust and pebbles on the street. have become the subject of his singing. For example: "The weary sunset throws the afterglow into the sky/Then burns like a fireball and sinks into the bay." In early spring, "Nature's new green is precious as gold", "They will be pierced by the budding stems / Surrounded by the dancing and dancing Before the wildflowers. Come with the rain, the roaring southwesterly wind! / Bring singing birds, and bees that build their nests; / Bring spring dreams to dead flowers, / Let the frozen rivers flow. In the hot summer, "the sun-heated hillside makes my face burn, / My breath is like the breeze that makes wildflowers shake their heads, / I can smell the earth and grass, / I can see the ants from the ant hole. In the continuous rainy season, "the rain outside is as strong as the wine you drink, / It is as wonderful and moving as the sun touches the skin." "In late autumn, the poet strolled in the broad-leaved forest and found fallen leaves in nature" like a hare running away, / like a wild deer running away. ”.” Loaded with ice on a clear winter morning after the rain / When the breeze rose, they made a rattling sound on their own, / The enamel on the surface also cracked and became colorful. "Even the wild flowers blooming in the swamp are "everything like a girl's face" in his eyes. A small pebble in the pasture can make his heart beat and his spirits up. "I run There is a pasture full of pebbles, / The pebbles are like a basket full of eggs that make people tempted.” Once he and his mother were walking in the city and found that the dust flying in nature even had some gold-like qualities, and he even thought that it was Some of it was gold. So it was written that "all dust lifted high by the wind/Looks like gold in the afterglow of the setting sun".
In Frost's view, nature can impress people with its serene and simple beauty, and it can also generate a power to inspire and make people happy. There is a poem to prove it: "A spring pond in the woods / Reflects the whole sky so beautifully / Like the flowers on the bank, / But they do not flow into the river, / Only infiltrate the roots and promote the growth of green branches ./ Trees have their own vitality,/ The green of summer will dye the sky and the earth./ O people who dig ponds! Think twice: / The snow melts, only yesterday, / These eternal ripples, / What is the use Once destroyed!"
On the surface, this is an ordinary landscape poem, in which the poet praises a pond encountered by chance in the forest. But if you taste it carefully, you will find that its implication is by no means limited to the scenery, but implies a deeper implication. Poetry expresses ideological connotation through images, and often the flash of philosophy of life is contained in images. At the beginning of the first stanza of this poem, Frost uses two images: the woods and the pond, and then reveals the close and harmonious relationship between the spring water and the woods: the woods can be nourished by the water of the pond. It grows and becomes lush; and the clear spring water in this pond is also more beautiful because of the flowers and trees reflecting the blue sky and blue sky, and the two are interdependent. It was not until the second stanza of the poem that Frost came to his epigrammatic conclusion: he warned the "pond digger" to think twice, not to easily destroy this calm and clear pool of spring water and this harmonious natural beauty. Because the relationship between human beings and nature is not a relationship of interdependence? This poem actually conveys such a message to us: human beings are inseparable from all things in nature, without nature, human beings will not be able to survive. It can be seen that Frost's ecological concept is beyond the times. Another example: "On the hemlock tree / A crow / Shaking off the snow dust / Scattered all over me / My mood / So changed / One day's sadness / No longer left behind" The poet used the technique of a still life painting, with only a few strokes. , sketch a picture of a snow crow. Crow and Snow can be described as a pair of complementary partners, a complete black, an extreme white. In the vast snowy area, everything is frozen, only the crow standing on the iron tree, constantly turning its black eyes in the white snow. Generally speaking, poets often use snow to symbolize purity and purity, and crows to symbolize bad luck. In fact, the symbolic meanings of snow and crows are diverse. In the eyes of Europeans, crows represent war, death and doom; The American crow, on the other hand, feeds on grains and insects, so its symbolism is unexpectedly good and sometimes heroic. In Frost's writings, the crow represents a kind of beautiful, upward force, while the snow represents a force to contend with. Frost has created a very poetic mood for readers as a whole. The protagonist "I" in the poem is in a depressing mood in nature, and has no intention of admiring the beautiful scenery formed by the dark crows and the white snow. All of a sudden, make "a day's sorrow" like "Xuechen" was shaken off. For this, "I" is grateful to the crow, because it clears the haze in "me" heart, brings joy and hope to "me", and lifts "me" spirit.
This poem can be said to be a self-portrait of Frost after his creative peak, a self-portrait of his mood when his poetry gradually declined. Surrounded by heavy snow, the crow bravely shook off the snow dust and flew high. The crow's revelation restores his confidence. Although the poem has only one sentence, the reader feels fresh and natural when reading it, with bright colors, a combination of movement and stillness, and a picturesque scene. The inexhaustible beauty in nature and the positive revelation of people are also fully displayed.
The Warrior of Nature
Frost is not only a singer of nature but also a guardian of nature. In addition to praising the wild beauty of nature, his poems also have the allegorical nature of criticizing the ravages of industrial civilization and heralding a terrible future in which human beings do not pay attention to the ecological environment. His interpretation is not an end, but a new perspective and new enlightenment. For example: "The farm is still there, and doesn't want to be the same as / city street, but it has to make itself / wear a house number. What about the creek that's like an elbow / encircling the house? / I understand like a asked the man of the creek, / I know its power and urge, I have put my fingers / into the creek and let it flow between my knuckles, / have thrown flowers in to test its flow. / Still growing of bluegrass, perhaps cemented/fixed on sidewalks in towns;/apple trees sent to the fire at the bottom of the hearth./Will the wet wood serve the stream as well?/and what to do with the no longer needed/permanent Power? Dumping a lot of scum / At its source, to stop it? Streams tumbling down / Into underground channels deep under stones / Surviving in stench and darkness and flowing—/ It may not do all of this For / What, just to forget the fear. / No one knows except the ancient map / The water of this creek. But I want to find out / If it wants to stay underground forever, and it is impossible / Have the idea of seeing the light of day, so that This new city can neither work nor sleep."
In this poem, the poet uses a series of interrogative sentences to strongly question the results of human's continuous intrusion into the natural realm. Through the story of Xiaoxi, the poet condemns human beings to stand on the opposite side of nature for their own development, expressing his extreme dissatisfaction with the city's invasion of nature. The fear of the creek that Frost refers to is actually the fear of the poet and the fear of nature lovers. The process of cities not only destroys the natural field, making natural resources less and less, but also disrupts the natural order of human life, and even farms have to "wear house numbers". The whole poem has a sad tone. Frost's ecological budding in his view of nature can be seen from this, because he has clearly realized that if human beings continue to domineeringly and recklessly build high-rise buildings and factories in places where there should not be cities, If the balance of the whole of nature is forcibly broken, then a devastating future will not be far away from mankind. The American poet Jeffers also described very clearly the ending caused by the destruction of the ecological environment by human beings in the poem "Broken Balance": "Their only function is/maintain and serve the enemy of mankind-civilization/No wonder Their living nerves, the tip of the tongue / Desire: progress; the desire in the eye: joy; the desire in the heart: death. / The world is sick in the change, the rain becomes poison, / The earth is a pit, and it should be destroyed. "The uniqueness of Frost as a poet of nature is reflected in thinking. He not only sings to sing the beauty of nature, but expresses the deeper meaning through the form of poetry. He often opens up a deep state with just a few words. There is no doubt that his poetry "begins with joy and ends with wisdom".
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